Meer beloningen en vrijheid, minder stress
May 27, 2008 on 8:01 pm | In Stress, Burnout & Depressie |Meer beloningen en vrijheid, minder stress
Of een werknemer in de gezondheidszorg al dan niet oververmoeid raakt, hangt niet alleen af van zijn werkeisen, maar ook van de compensatie die daar tegenover staat. Een goede balans tussen de eisen die aan de medewerker worden gesteld en positieve bijdragen in het werk, zorgen voor een beter welbevinden van de medewerker, stelt de arbeids- en organisatiepsychologe.
Natasja van Vegchel bestudeerde verschillende typen taakeisen in verpleeg- en verzorghuizen. Ze vroeg mensen niet alleen naar de werkdruk, maar ook naar emotionele en fysieke belasting. In de gezondheidszorg bleken vooral emotionele taakeisen belangrijk te zijn voor de voorspelling van welbevinden. Emotionele taakeisen zijn immers inherent aan het dienstverlenende werk en daardoor moeilijk te verminderen. Van Vegchel heeft echter laten zien dat werkgevers het welbevinden van hun medewerkers toch kunnen handhaven of verbeteren door hen meer zogeheten werkbronnen te geven, zoals autonomie of verhoging in beloningen (salaris en erkenning). In drie jaar stuurde Van Vegchel twee keer vragenlijsten naar meer dan duizend werknemers in verpleeg- en verzorgingstehuizen. Ongeveer vijfhonderd mensen vulden de lijst twee keer in. Werknemers met hoge taakeisen die daarvoor weinig compensatie kregen, gaven vaker aan klachten te hebben en hadden meer ziekteverzuim dan mensen met lage taakeisen of meer compensatie.
Balans is best
De psychologe maakte een model dat de taakeisen combineert met de werkbronnen. Met dit model ontdekte ze dat niet alleen de werkdruk of de emotionele en fysieke belasting belangrijk zijn voor het welbevinden van een werknemer. Zolang er een goede balans bestaat tussen deze taakeisen en werkbronnen, zoals autonomie en beloningen in het werk, is het welbevinden van de medewerker niet in gevaar. Een disbalans tussen deze beide zaken leidt tot minder arbeidstevredenheid, meer psychosomatische klachten en frequenter en langduriger ziekteverzuim. Om het welbevinden van werknemers te handhaven of zelfs te verbeteren, is een goed ontwerp van de werksituatie van belang. Er moet duidelijk aandacht worden gespendeerd aan de balans tussen taakeisen en werkbronnen
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